The European Educational Researcher

The literacy preparation in Turkish preschool education.

The European Educational Researcher, Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2022, pp. 5-36
OPEN ACCESS VIEWS: 1271 DOWNLOADS: 966 Publication date: 15 Feb 2022
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to reveal the views and recommendations of the preschool and primary school teachers on the literacy preparation in Turkish preschool education. The study is designed as phenomenological research. The participants of the study are 12 preschool and 9 primary school teachers who have been teaching actively in the western part of Turkey. The qualitative data was collected through face-to-face interviews and analyzed through content analysis. The findings of the study show that preschool teachers have some confusion on literacy preparation and readiness. While preschool and primary school teachers are of the same opinion about the need for literacy preparation in preschool education, they have different opinions about the literacy preparation activities conducted in preschool education. While preschool teachers think that they get preschoolers ready for literacy, primary school teachers think that first graders in their classes do not come literately ready from preschool education. Teachers participated in the study; think that the lack of collaboration among preschool and primary school teachers, some deficiencies in preschool education curriculum and in the education system, and the preschool teachers’ imperfect knowledge in the literacy readiness are the possible reasons of inadequacy of readiness for literacy in preschool education. They recommend systematic collaboration among teachers, review of preschool education curriculum and providing professional support for preschool teachers to support literacy readiness in preschool education.
KEYWORDS
Literacy, Literacy Preparation, Preschool Education, Preschool Teacher, Primary School, Primary School Teacher.
CITATION (APA)
Başaran, S. T., & Sidekli, S. (2022). The literacy preparation in Turkish preschool education.. The European Educational Researcher, 5(1), 5-36. https://doi.org/10.31757/euer.511
REFERENCES
  1. Akbaba-Altun, S., Çetin-Şimşek, Ö. & Bay, D. N. (2014). Okuma yazmaya hazırlık çalışmalarına yönelik öğretmen görüşleri [Teacher views on reading and writing preparation studies]. Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 244-263. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/202229
  2. Aktürk, Y., & Mentiş-Taş, A. (2011). İlkokuma yazma öğretiminde ses temelli cümle yönteminin uygulanmasına
  3. ilişkin öğretmen görüşleri (Şanlıurfa/Viranşehir örneği) [ The views of teachers' about ımplementation of sound based sentence method in the first reading and writing education]. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi
  4. Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(1), 27-37. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/399447
  5. Albrecht, K. M., & Miller, L. G. (2004). The comprehensive preschool curriculum. Beltsville, MD: Gryphon House, Inc.
  6. Altun, D., & Tantekin Erden, F. (2016). Okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının erken okuryazarlık ile ilgili görüşleri ve staj uygulamaları [Pre-service preschool teachers’ opinions and school practices on early literacy]. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(1), 241-261. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1489163
  7. Anthony, J. L., & Francis, D. J. (2005). Development of phonological awareness. Current Directions in
  8. Psychological Science, 14(5), 255-259. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00376.x
  9. Aydın, A., Edağ, C., & Taş, N. (2011). 2003-2006 PISA okuma becerileri sonuçlarının karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmesi: En başarılı beş ülke ve Türkiye [A comparative evaluation of PISA 2003–2006 results in reading literacy skills: An example of top-five OECD countries and Turkey]. Kuram ve Uygulamada
  10. Eğitim Bilimleri, 11(2), 651-673. Retrieved from https://openaccess.dpu.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.12438/949/ayd%c4%b1n_ayhan.pdf?sequence =1&isAllowed=y
  11. Baş, Ö. (2006). Ses temelli cümle yöntemi ve bitişik eğik yazıyla okuma yazma öğretiminde alternatif harf sıralaması [Alternative phonic sequence in literacy education with phonic based sentence method and contiguous inclined handwriting]. In Proceedings of International Congress of Profession of Classroom Teaching, Gazi University, Education Faculty 1, (pp. 215-554). Ankara: Kök Yayıncılık.
  12. Başar, M. (2013). Okuma yazma öğrenerek ilkokula başlayan çocukların karşılaştıkları sorunların değerlendirilmesi
  13. [Evaluating the problems encountered by the students with emergent literacy]. EKEV Akademi Dergisi,
  14. 1(1), 275-294. Retrieved from
  15. http://www.ekevakademi.org/Makaleler/1379806421_15%20Murat%20BASAR.pdf
  16. Başar, M. & Tanış-Gürbüz, H. M. (2020). İlk okuma ve yazma öğretiminde karşılaşılan sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri
  17. [Problems encountered in literacy education and suggested solutions]. Okuma Yazma Eğitimi
  18. Araştırmaları, 8(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.35233/oyea.666563
  19. Başar, M., Doğan, M. C. & Üstündağ-Şener, N. (2020). Okul öncesi dönemde kalem tutma etkinliklerinin ilk okuma yazma sürecine katkısı [The effect of pencil-holding activities in pre-school period on initial literacy process]. Uşak Üniversitesi Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(2), 44-62. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1264973
  20. Bay, N. D., & Alisinanoğlu, F. (2008). Ana sınıfı öğretmenlerinin okuma yazmaya hazırlık çalışmalarına ilişkin yeterlilik algılarının belirlenmesi [Determining sufficiency of kindergarten teachers regarding as preparation studies of reading–writing] (Unpublished master’s thesis). Gazi University, Ankara.
  21. Bodrova, E. & Leong, D.J. (2007). Tools of the mind. The Vygotskian approach to early childhood education (2nd ed.). Ohio: Pearson, Pretice Hall.
  22. Brown, J. K. (2008). Student-centered instruction: Involving students in their own education. Music Educators
  23. Journal, 94(5), 30-35. https://doi.org/10.1177/00274321080940050108
  24. Burgess, S. R. (2002). The influence of speech perception, oral language ability, the home literacy environment, and pre-reading knowledge on the growth of phonological sensitivity: A one-year longitudinal investigation. Reading and Writing, 15(7-8), 709-737. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020954606695
  25. Carneiro, P. & Heckman, J. (2004). Human capital policy. Discussion paper no.821. Bonn: IZA.
  26. Çelenk, S. (2008). İlköğretim okulları birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin ilkokuma ve yazma öğretimine hazırlık düzeyleri
  27. [Level of readiness for reading and writing education among first grade students of primary schools]. Abant
  28. İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(1), 83-90. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/16607
  29. Cetin, O. S., Gulhan, M., & Katranci, M. (2018). A study on the effect of pre-school education on early literacy skills. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 10(5), 201-221. https://doi.org/10.15345/iojes.2018.05.014
  30. Cevher-Kalburan, F. N. (2010). Öykülerle alfabe [Alphabet with stories]. Ankara: Eğiten Kitap.
  31. Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). New York: Sage.
  32. Dankert, H., Davies, P. L., & Gavin, W. J. (2003). Occupational therapy effects on visual-motor skills in preschool children. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 57(5), 542-549. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.57.5.542
  33. Dennis, L. R., & Horn, E. (2011). Strategies for supporting early literacy development. Young Exceptional Children,14(3), 29-40. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096250611420553
  34. Dönmezler, E. (2016). Okul öncesi dönemde uygulanan okuma yazmaya hazırlık çalışmalarının öğretmen
  35. görüşlerine göre incelenmesi [Investigation of reading and writing studies applied in pre-school period
  36. according to teacher's views]. Turkish Journal of Primary Education, 1(1) 42-53. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/389313
  37. Eminoğlu, N. & Tanrıkulu, H. (2018). The research of the problems faced by the students who start primary school with the knowledge of reading and writing in regions of low socioeconomic status. Research in Reading & Writing Instruction, 6(2), 56-69. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/615014
  38. Erdoğan, Ö. (2012). İlköğretim birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin fonolojik farkındalık becerileri ile okuma becerileri arasındaki ilişki [The relationship between the phonological awareness skills and reading skills of the first year students at primary school]. Eğitim ve Bilim, 37(166), 41- 51. Retrieved from http://eb.ted.org.tr/index.php/EB/article/view/1008/437
  39. Erdoğan, T., Özen-Altınkaynak, Ş., & Erdoğan, Ö. (2013). Okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin okuma-yazmaya hazırlığa
  40. yönelik yaptıkları çalışmaların incelenmesi [An analysis of the literacy activities provided by preschool teachers]. İlköğretim Online, 12(4), 1188-1199. Retrieved from https://web.p.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=a7b1d98c-73e5-49e3-af5560bdce74735d%40redis
  41. Ergül, C., Karaman, G., Akoğlu, G., Tufan, M., Dolunay-Sarıca, A. & Bahap-Kudret, Z. (2014). Okul öncesi
  42. öğretmenlerinin “Erken okuryazarlık” kavramına ilişkin bilgi düzeyleri ve sınıf uygulamaları [Early childhood teachers’ knowledge and classroom practices on early literacy]. İlköğretim Online, 13(4), 14491472. Retrieved from https://web.p.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=700736c1-efca4d04-bf82-e05b3da13e70%40redis
  43. Genç-Ersoy, B. (2021). Stakeholder views on early literacy, reading and writing acquisition in the preschool period.
  44. Journal of Qualitative Research in Education, 9(1), 255-286. https://doi.org/10.14689/enad.25.11
  45. Grunewald, R. (2018). Early childhood investments. Paving the way for the future workforce. In S. Andreason, T.
  46. Greene, H. Prince, & C. E. Van Horn (Eds.) Investing America’s workfoce. Improving outcomes for workers and employers, Vol 1, (pp. 297-314). Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.
  47. Gunn, B. K., Simmons, D. C. & Kameenui, E. J. (2012). Emergent literacy: Instructional and curricular basics and
  48. implications. In D.C. Simmons, & E.J. Kameenui, (Eds.), What reading research tells us about children with diverse learning need (pp. 51-60). New York: Routledge
  49. Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. Felsefe yöntem analiz [Research methods in social sciences. Philosophy method analysis] (3rd ed.). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  50. Hanushek, E. and Wößmann, L. (2010). The economics of international differences in educational achievement.
  51. NBER Working Paper 15949, Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
  52. Hattie, J. A. C. (2003). Teachers make a difference: What is the research evidence? Paper presented at the Building Teacher Quality: What does the research tell us. ACER Research Conference, Melbourne, Australia.
  53. Retrieved from http://research.acer.edu.au/research_conference_2003/4/.
  54. HEC. (2018). Öğretmen yetiştirme lisans programları[Initial teacher education programs]. Ankara: Yüksek
  55. Öğretim Kurulu Başkanlığı. Retrieved from
  56. https://www.yok.gov.tr/Documents/Kurumsal/egitim_ogretim_dairesi/Yeni-Ogretmen-Yetistirme-LisansProgramlari/AA_Sunus_%20Onsoz_Uygulama_Yonergesi.pdf .
  57. HEC. (2020). YÖK’ten eğitim fakültelerinin müfredatlarına yönelik tarihi karar [Historical decision from HEC on the curricula of education faculties].Retrieved from https://www.yok.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Haberler/2020/egitimfak%C3%BCltelerine-yetki-devri.aspx.
  58. Heckman, J. J. (2008). Schools, skills, and synapses. Economic Inquiry, 46(3), 289–324. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2008.00163.x
  59. Johnson, C. (2015). Concepts about the print and literacy skill acquisition of preschool students (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Walden University, Minneapolis.
  60. Kagan, S. L., & Zigler, E. F. (Eds.). (1987). Early schooling: The national debate. New Haven, CT, US: Yale University Press.
  61. Karagöl, E. (2018). Dil becerileri eğitimi açısından okul öncesi öğretmenliği lisans programı [Early childhood education program in terms of language skills education]. Academy Journal of Educational Sciences, 2(2), 159-171. Retrieved from https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=791668.
  62. McLaughlin, M. W. (1987). Learning from experience: Lessons from policy implementation. Educational
  63. Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 9(2), 171–178. https://doi.org/10.3102/01623737009002171
  64. Miles, M, B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  65. MoNE. (2013a). Okul öncesi eğitim programı. Ankara.
  66. MoNE. (2013b). Çocuk gelişimi ve eğitimi: Okuma yazmaya hazırlık. Ankara.
  67. MoNE. (2016). PISA 2015 ulusal raporu. Ankara: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı. Retrieved from: http://odsgm.meb.gov.tr/test/analizler/docs/PISA/PISA2015_Ulusal_Rapor.pdf.
  68. MoNE. (2018). Turkey’s education vision2023. Retrieved from http://2023vizyonu.meb.gov.tr/doc/2023_VIZYON_ENG.pdf .
  69. Morrow, L. M. (2001). Literacy development in the early years: Helping children read and write. In J. E. Many
  70. (Ed.), Handbook of instructional practices for literacy teachers-educators (1st ed.) (pp. 171-178). New
  71. York: RoutledgeOECD. (2017). Starting strong 2017: Key OECD indicators on early childhood education
  72. and care. Paris: OECD Publishing. Retrieved from: http://www.charlotte-buehler-institut.at/wpcontent/uploads/2017/10/Starting-Strong-2017.pdf.
  73. OECD. (2019), PISA 2018 results (Volume I): What students know and can do. Paris: OECD Publishing, https://doi.org/10.1787/5f07c754-en
  74. OECD. (2017). Starting strong 2017: Key OECD indicators on early childhood education and care. Paris: OECD Publishing. Retrieved from http://www.charlotte-buehler-institut.at/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/StartingStrong-2017.pdf
  75. Oktay, A. (1999). Yaşamın sihirli yılları: Okul öncesi dönem [Magic years of life: Preschool period]. İstanbul: Epsilon Yayıncılık
  76. Özcan, A. O., & Özcan, A. F. (2014). Türk çocuklarının ses gelişim özellikleri ve ilk okuma yazma öğrenme [Sound developmental characteristics of Turkish children and literacy learning]. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(2), 67-86. https://doi.org/10.17336/igusbd.99559
  77. Özdemir, Z. S., & Bayraktar, A. (2015). Investigation of pre-service teachers’ awareness regarding children's early literacy. Journal of Education and Future, (7), 37-48. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/174214
  78. Pinto, G., Bigozzi, B., Gamannossi, B. A., & Vezzani, C. (2009). Emergent literacy and learning to write: A predictive model for Italian language. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 14(1), 61-78. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03173475
  79. Pullen, P. C., & Justice, L. M. (2003). Enhancing phonological awareness, print awareness, and oral language skills in preschool children. Intervention in School and Clinic, 39(2), 87-98. https://doi.org/10.1177/10534512030390020401
  80. Ripley, A. (2010). What makes a great teacher?. The Atlantic, Education January/February. Retrieved from http://sdsuwriting.pbworks.com/f/What+Makes+a+Great+Teacher+-+Ripley.pdf.
  81. Sever, S. (2004). Türkçe öğretimi ve tam öğrenme (4th ed.). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık
  82. Şahin, İ. T., Sak, R., & Tuncer, N. (2013). Okul öncesi ve birinci sınıf öğretmenlerinin ilköğretime hazırlık sürecine
  83. ilişkin görüşlerinin karşılaştırılması [A comparison of preschool and first grade teachers’ views about school readiness]. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 13(3), 1691-1713. Retrieved from https://app.trdizin.gov.tr/makale/TVRRM01UTTNOdz09/okul-oncesi-ve-birinci-sinif-ogretmenlerininilkogretime-hazirlik-surecine-iliskin-goruslerinin-karsilastirilmasi
  84. Scarborough, H. S. (1998). Predicting the future achievement of second graders with reading disabilities:
  85. Contributions of phonemic awareness, verbal memory, rapid naming, and IQ. Annals of Dyslexia, 48(1),
  86. 115-136. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11881-998-0006-5.pdf
  87. Sonnenschein, S., & Munsterman, K. (2002). The influence of home-based reading interactions on 5-year-olds’ reading motivations and early literacy development. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 17(3), 318-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0885-2006(02)00167-9
  88. Tantekin-Erden, F., & Altun, D. (2014). Sınıf öğretmenlerinin okul öncesi eğitim ve ilköğretime geçiş süreci
  89. hakkındaki görüşlerinin incelenmesi [An investigation of the opinions of primary school teachers’ on preschool education and the transition process from preschool to primary school]. İlköğretim Online, 13(2),
  90. 481‐502. Retrieved from https://web.p.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=a75bfe483c48-40ec-ac30-0f3a996877dc%40redis
  91. Taşkın, N. (2014). İlkokula hazır olma [Be ready for primary school]. In F. Turan & A. İ. Yükselen (Eds.), Çocuk gelişimi II [Child development II ](pp. 308-318). Ankara: Hedef Yayıncılık.
  92. Taşkın, N., Katrancı, M., & Uygun, M. (2014). Okul öncesi ve sınıf öğretmenlerinin okul öncesindeki okuma
  93. yazmaya hazırlık sürecine ilişkin görüşleri [The views of the preschool and primary school teachers on preparation process of emergent literacy in preschool]. Eğitimde Kuram ve Uygulama, 10(4), 1102-1119. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/63385
  94. Teddlie, C. & Tashakkori, A. (2009). Foundations of mixed methods research: Integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches in the social and behavioral sciences. USA: SAGE Publications, Inc.
  95. UNICEF. (2012). School readiness and transitions. A compainon of child friendly schools manual. New York:
  96. UNICEF, Division of Communication.
  97. Üstün, E. (2007). Okul öncesi çocuklarının okuma yazma becerilerinin gelişimi [Development of preschool children's literacy skills]. İstanbul: Morpa Kültür Yayınları.
  98. Whitehead, S. (2018). Preschool impact on emergent literacy in kindergarten students: A case study. (Doctoral dissertation). Miami University. Retrieved from https://etd.ohiolink.edu/apexprod/rws_etd/send_file/send?accession=miami1532347290748974&dispositio n=inline
  99. Wildová, R. & Kropáčková, J. (2015). Early childhood pre-reading literacy development. Procedia-Social and
  100. Behavioral Sciences, 191(2015), 878-883.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.418
  101. World Bank. (2009). Turkey: Expanding opportunities for the next generation. A report on life chances. Report No.
  102. 48627-TR. Washington D.C.: The World Bank.
  103. Yapıcı, M., & Ulu, F. B. (2010). First grade teachers’ expectations from preschool teachers. Journal of Theoretical
  104. Educational Science, 3(1), 43-55. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/304128
  105. Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri [Qualitative research methods in social sciences] (10th ed.). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  106. Yost, L. W. & Lesiak, J. (2001). The relationship between performance on the developmental test of visual perception and handwriting ability. Education, 101(1), 75- 77. Retrieved from https://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=a6402c43-85de-4b78-a440c0327a8b51cb%40sessionmgr4007
  107. Young, J.P. (2003). Predicting patterns of early literacy achievement: A longitudinal study of transition from home to school [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Griffith University, Australia.
  108. Zygouris-Coe, V. (2001). Emergent literacy. Florida Literacy and Reading Excellence Center, Orlando: University of Central Florida, College of Education. Retrieved from, https://www.academia.edu/811485/Emergent_literacy.
LICENSE
Creative Commons License